Nicolo Pignatelli and Gulf Italia: Case Analysis Essay

1. Pignatelli should first and foremost properly assess the ethical dilemma he faces. The problem before him comes down to the decision between two outcomes both with their share of benefits and risks. He can follow guidelines by waiting several months to receive a response from the Italian government while losing millions of dollars and risking his reputation and fate of his company if the government decides to not allow Gulf Italia to refine at full capacity. On the other hand he can attempt to pay someone off either directly or indirectly, a potential illegal activity, and more quickly have his company produce at full capacity, preserving his reputation without losing money and securing the jobs of his many workers. Because this is an ethical dilemma, a straight forward decision is not possible and a careful consideration of the factors must be taken. No code of ethics is mentioned in the case description, so a measurement of the moral intensity factor will be more relevant. The magnitude of the consequences leans more in favor or Pignatelli paying someone off because the employment of thousands of his workers is as stake and because the risks are not as high as imagined. It is mentioned that this practice is common in Italy despite it being illegal. The social consensus also leans in favor of Pignatelli paying someone off because of the fate of his workers and also because he has gone to great lengths to satisfy the local communities already in moving the location around five times and implementing cleaner technology at a higher expense to his company. The probability of effect also leans in favor of paying someone off because it seems as if his company is not doing any harm but rather is being harmed by the limitations placed by the Italian government. Proximity also leans in favor of paying someone off because his reputation is at stake and he could very well lose everything if he decides to wait it out. For these reasons Pignatelli should either pay someone off or ask Mobil to put pressure on decision makers. Although the bribe option is illegal, that should be the last choice he makes after he tries paying someone connected to take care of it and having Mobil work on the problem as well. If I were in his position, I would do as I have just recommended, but only in the context of what his situation was. It seems as if Pignatelli was under intense pressure to lead his company, to ensure the livelihoods of his workers and to turn a profit. On top of this, it seems almost unfair that his company was promised one thing then given another. 2. If Pignatelli does not pay the bribes directly, it does not absolve him from responsibility because of accountability. If he did not need to have someone indirectly paid off in the first place for a specific reason, then no bribe of that matter would have ever taken place. If Pignatelli ended up paying someone to bribe someone else and the authorities found out, the chain would lead back to Pignatelli and he would most certainly be held accountable for the activity. 3.  The argument that asks if it is justifiable to illegally bribe someone because it is common practice has two sides. On one hand it is simply illegal, should not be done, and will be prosecuted if discovered. However on other side, one could ask the question, is a law really a law if it is not enforced and under what circumstances, if any, would it ever be okay to break that law? If someone is to consider the second stance, they would have to consider the moral and philosophical implications of what justice is. For the example of Pignatelli, if he is doing nothing morally wrong, in fact he is actually creating a commodity for the world to use while ensuring the livelihoods of many of his employees, is it justifiable for him to break the law to ensure that he can maintain his operation? The answer to this question depends on the viewer and what he or she personally believes and defines as justice. I personally believe that justice is a moral virtue which is delineated and refined through the judicial system, and that laws can change over time. I believe that bribing to get something unfairly in return is morally wrong, but I believe that in the case of Gulf Italia because the government already gave him the go ahead to refine oil, then suddenly cut it back, there is a tremendous desire to look more closely at the situation. If his company is more than qualified, and the government made an irrational decision, I believe that in this particular case, that a bribe to ensure the flow of so much else would be justifiable. 4.  Pignatelli does not necessarily have a responsibility to go above and beyond environmental requirements. This does not mean that he could actually go above and beyond. It all depends on his management style. If he believes in social responsibility, then he would go above and beyond. If he believes in efficiency, he would only do what is the bare minimum to pass the requirements. Whether it is appropriate or not for Gulf to spend extra money thereby taking it away from shareholders also depends on his management style. If he believes in social responsibility then he would see it in the sense that he owes something back to society because without it, his company would not exist, and therefore he would take money from his shareholders to enact policies towards social responsibility. However if he believes in efficiency, he would see his responsibility as an owner and manager to maximize profits to the other owners and shareholders because that is basically his job and that issues pertaining to social responsibility are better left the government. 5. Considering the context of the case, I would be perfectly fine.  If I were an Italian working for a huge Italian conglomerate, I would most typically think that one vice in exchange for much good is tolerable. Going back on my response to question 3, my ethical obligations in any other case of bribery would lead me to a moral dilemma. If I were working for a finance company and found out that my bonus was directly correlated to a senior partner bribing someone, I would most likely protest and revolt. However if I were a lower-middle class Italian laborer with a secure and promising job, I would not see it as a bad thing what the owner did which in a way he did to guarantee my pay and security.

Improving the Sales of a Retail Store

This paper aims to apply the retail elements discussed in the book of Paco Underhill, â€Å"Why We Buy†. As discussed in the book, improving the state of certain but key retail elements of the store will likely improve its sales performance. For this study, the proponent opted to study the prospects of improving the retail elements of the Starbucks Coffeeshop located at 62 Boylston, Boston, Massachusetts and subsequently, the store’s sales performance. I. THE STORE – The proponent chose the Starbucks Coffee Shop located at 62 Boylston, Boston, Massachusetts for this study. It is a very small establishment that provides that rustic makeshift feel typical of Boston. While the coffee shop is successful in blending with the building that houses it and appears to have tapped a substantial percentage of foot traffic to keep it afloat, the proponent believes that it can do more once improvements are implemented to it. These improvements will be discussed in detail and will be conveyed after reviewing key retail elements. 1. Facade – As mentioned earlier by the proponent, the establishment blended well with the building’s color scheme and all with only the logo to distinguish it from afar. If one is new in the area and happens to pass this route to the office, chances are, the establishment will not register as on of Starbuck’s stores unless one looks up and sees the logo. 2. Layout– In general, the interior follows a typical Starbucks coffee shop with varying seat arrangements ranging from a 2-seater coffee table to bar tables on the glass panel provided with stools to suit to the dining preference of its customers. Similarly, the tables and chairs are arranged in such a way to allow a free flowing process for the customer, i. e. , from the time one enters the store, to approaching the counter, then dining until the customer heads for the exit. The interior painting provides a warm and homey feel enticing customers to stay a little longer. . Display – Inside the store, you will see the usual Starbucks merchandising showing their valued coffee beans, thermo mugs, coffee press and music cds to name a few. In front of the counter, one gets enticed to indulge in a sweet spree with all the pastries the store has to offer. The window panels while bare and boring from afar, allows passersby to get a glimpse of what is happening inside and what is in store for them and the proponent believes that this is the how Starbucks wanted it. . Value Added Amenities – The store provides its customers with mild pipe in music that stimulates an engaging conversation with friends. In addition, the store provides wireless fidelity connection to give customers access to the internet. 5. Customer – While the regular Bostonian walks to and fro school or work, most come from old rich descent. Life in Boston is a bit laid back compared to other areas in the United States making the theme of the store under study suitable for them. II. THE PROPOSAL – In reviewing the Starbuck’s store, the proponent attempts to apply the following retails points crucial in improving the sales performance of an establishment. These elements are: 1) A reason to return; 2) Interception Rate; 3) Display windows; 4a) Touch, trial, or other sensory stimuli; 4b) Immediate gratification; 4c) Social interaction; 5) Adjacencies and 6) Design, merchandising and operations (Underhill 2000). As the proponent conducts the analysis certain areas for improvement will be identified in the process. Among these areas, the proponent believes that application of certain modification on the stores design, i. e. , facade, and initiating activities that will enhance social interaction will not only increase the occurrence of repeat customers but will also enable them to tap other target markets. These two areas are discussed in detail below: 1. Design – Obviously, the operator of the Starbucks coffee at 62 Boylston, Boston, Massachusetts tried to blend in with the overall color and theme of the building, unfortunately, certain marketing concepts have been sacrificed in doing so. For instance, while people passing within the proximity of the coffee shop will likely identify it immediately, people from afar will most likely miss it not to mention if these people are new or are just visiting the area. The proponent also suggests that applying a contrasting color scheme will not only help increase the visibility of the store but as a matter of fact, will improve the appearance of the building en banc. 2. Social Interaction – Another avenue for sales improvement is in initiating activities that will enhance group meetings or social interaction in the store. To note, the baseline sales of the store is more or less dependent on the number of seats occupied. Oftentimes, the seating capacity of the store will be underutilized due to customers who would be dining alone. By initiating activities or promotions like group discounts, utilization of the store’s seating capacity, which as mentioned is a function of sales, will likely increase.

History Of The Russian States Summary - 715 Words

History of the Russian states The chapter talks about Russia’s history and their failures and what ought to be done to bring order in Russia. This history is a description of various historical events in Russia including various leaders and their historical events and failures. This history is communicated in the form of a poem. The poet crafted the piece lamenting of various leaders who took leadership in Russia and never brought order. The persona that was used by the poet to communicate his ideas and message shows how Russian land is fertile and rich of useful resources. The persona at some instance calls for the foreigners to come to their land and bring order. They say the Germans liberal†¦.Well shower you with silver, of which†¦show more content†¦The chapter looks into various civilizations in the world. The world during this century was characterized by various civilization activities. The chapter looks at civilization I various aspects which include technologies that were used for v arious economic activities in various parts of the world as well as political development in this century. The chapter further looks keenly looks into the civilization in various parts of the world. The chapter looks at various aspects of the diverse economies of the world. The economic activities in the world at this century included mining in China and other parts of the world, pastoral communities of both Asia and West Africa. At the beginning of the chapter, we are introduced to the current perspective of Christopher Columbus as opposed to the praise he was accorded in the nineteenth century (Bontrager pg., 500). He, therefore, contributed to civilization and the movement of slaves from various parts of the world to America. Reflection After reading this chapter and especially where the author mentions Columbus, I learnt about the insight into civilization in America where Columbus was at its center as it is recorded in history that he was the discoverer of America. The knowledge that I gained after reading this chapter further helped me to understand how civilization occurred in various parts of the world and particularly the settlement and technological advancementShow MoreRelatedThe Emerald City1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Emerald City What people don’t know about Seattle, Washington also known as The Emerald City, is that from May to September, it’s usually dry. Seattle is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington. Even with all the raining, it never storms. The city has only reported seven thunder storms in the last year. A lot of big names companies had there start here. The Space Needle is the largest landmark in Washington. 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Solving The Consensus And Conflict Model - 942 Words

The above discussion question is asking me to discuss the consensus and conflict models as explanations to the origin of criminal law. First it is important to distinguish the difference between the two models. According to the textbook â€Å"Criminal Justice Today† the consensus model is defined as a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice and the conflict model is defined as a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies. Section a. asks me to discuss the consensus and conflict models as explanations for the origin of criminal law and to provide one example for each model. First the consensus model will be di scussed in regards to the origin of criminal law. The consensus model assumes that all components of the system are working in harmony to produce justice. According to Lawrence W. Sherman the consensus model assumes more equality and appears to be a much better fit to the new political culture. He also states that building trust in the system one case at a time. Issues such as the unfair penalties of perceived crimes such as crack cocaine versus powder cocaine arrests are talked about. The authorShow MoreRelatedMediation in Community Policing Strategy1699 Words   |  7 Pagesselfishness, arrogance, conflict, division and so on. Furthermore the associative social processes can be said positive process, and dissosiatif social process called negative process. In connection with this, the associative social processes that can be used as an attempt resolve the conflict. The first mediation concept is well known in the business world. 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Discussing the Death Penalty - 1472 Words

A major debate discussed frequently in today’s society is whether or not the death penalty is the right thing to do to punish those who have committed heinous crimes. While some states have allowed the death penalty to be used in certain cases, others have outright removed it as a choice. Why is this debate important? Well as U.S. citizens we need to make a decision of what is the best way to deal with criminals. Is it better to execute these criminals or incarcerate them? This paper will discuss the considered pros and cons of the death penalty and what my view is, on this topic. Proponents of the death penalty have the belief that a criminal should be killed for what he or she has done. They believe that it is moral because it creates a feeling of justice. Carol S. Steiker and Jordan M. 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Foppery at its Finest free essay sample

Being a teenage girl, I have a subscription to a cliche fashion magazine. It wasn’t until recently that I started taking additional notice to the high-gloss pages filled with models and cosmetic ads. It was a lazy Sunday afternoon, and I had nothing better to do than scan through my new magazine. I casually thumbed through the slick pages, noting the dramatic makeup, tight clothing, and long hair extensions. â€Å"This isn’t what I want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I thought to myself. I don’t want to have skin that resembles the tenor of plastic or layers of foreign hair woven into my own. I don’t want to be judged on how closely my figure resembles the silhouette of a peanut shell. What kind of civilization are we living in? There is a great deal of pressure put upon girls in our society to be smoldering temptresses, much of which is fueled by Hollywood and the public media. We will write a custom essay sample on Foppery at its Finest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hollywood is an airbrushed mess of unattainable perfection and cheeky popularity. Looking at the rich and famous of today, you see the difference between the two sides of beauty: the real and the processed. Images of slender, toned bodies invade the minds of teenage girls across America. The message they are conveying is nothing less than a crime. Girls are starving themselves and obsessing about their figure at ages they shouldn’t be all because of picturesque movie stars. Pop singers belting out risque ballads in lacy leather outfits that skim the line between clothing and lingerie haven’t the slightest idea that they are recklessly shaving away layers of self confidence from teens across the nation. Beauty fifty years ago is nothing similar to what is considered beauty in this century. True beauty nowadays is masked by thick coats of foundation and clumps of fake eyelashes. It has gotten to the point where thirteen year old girls consider themselves to be unattracti ve without their makeup on and their hair done. Vanity is a destructive element of disposition: so quickly it can consume one’s mind, leaving nothing for the important aspects of life. However, Hollywood is not doing it alone. Newspapers, gossip columns, and television shows are equally as guilty. The media is quite simply life through the eyes of a camera lens and the mouth of a rumor. Snapping photos of scandalous celebrity parties and writing stories about the latest developments in lip gloss, it seems to control teenage girls like a marionette. Bright neon bolded titles scream blurbs about the latest new diets, and the new â€Å"it† style trends. Like Hollywood, these news sources also influence teens in negative ways. By constantly promoting items based solely on physical appearance, the media is diffusing to girls across the nation to sacrifice more time and spend more money than is necessary on their facade and, unfortunately, this concept has bled into the rest of our society. Suddenly, a small column detailing how to look â€Å"hot† has sparked a wildfire of vanity and tawdriness. The world might as well be coated in mirrors. Confidence is a very important foundation of our character on which we build and develop our personality. This can lead us to the conclusion that a lack of assurance equals a lack of spirit. Humankind has reached a level where many women dress up to simply go to the local grocery store. Are we so vain that we heed the opinion of those we don’t even know? If you want something done right, as they say, you must do it yourself. Stop buying those shallow magazines and idolizing stick-thin celebs. No two people are exactly alike. The world without variety would be, frankly, boring. We must come to terms with reality and understand that though there are ways to permanently change our physical appearance, by doing so we are fundamentally giving up on ourselves. It is possible to wear less makeup and reduce the amount of time we spend gazing at our hair in the mirror while still managing to look good. People do it every day. Life was given to us as the ultimate gift, to do what we please. Why waste so much time feuding with narcissism when we could be chatting with opportunity? What has become of the days when beauty came from your character? We are speeding down a road of self destruction. The message our society is sending to girls is that appearance reigns with absolute supremacy. We should be able to be pleased with what looks and featu res we were born with; instead we shun them and wish for someone else’s. Our society is becoming gradually more superficial. What will happen when we become so shallow there is nothing left? I believe that people resemble the bud of a flower: you should not judge by what is on the outside, but what vibrant bloom is on the inside. Our contemporary society is committed to buffing and embellishing the cage in which man is retained, but to what avail? When we reach the moment when our physical appearance trickles like water through our aged fingers, when time has polished away our exterior, stripping away everything, all that remains is what has truly mattered all along: ourselves.

Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay Essay Example

Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay Essay Experience of early childhood fond regard is at the base of healthy kid development and works as the model for the confidant relationship with others. The caregiver-child fond regard relationship shapes though early form of interaction between the health professional and kid. The results of infant fond regard considered to be long-run and influences coevalss of households. Harmonizing to Bowlby who developed theory of infant-caregiver fond regard, attachment security characterizes the confidents of baby in his or her health professional, and can be observed through how they contact with the health professional and how they use of the health professional as a secure base to research their envrionment. Attachment theory, hence, has been regarded as the major model for the research of caregiver-child relationships in babyhood, and it besides may supply a utile attack for understanding fond regard development between other health professionals and babies than female parent. A huge organi c structure of research from this position indicates that attachment security is an index of parent-child relationship quality that develops mostly as a map of rearing behaviour. Nonetheless, in malice of a figure of researches on mother-child fond regard has conducted, we still are unfamiliar with attachment relationships between other health professionals such as a male parent and adoptive parents. Because of the socioeconomic alterations that have occurred in the United States during the past three decennaries, more female parents, with babies, work outside the place and, in many instances, new functions for male parents within the place increased, and many twosomes with a assortment of grounds decided to follow kids besides increased. Therefore, this paper explores whether an baby can develop unafraid fond regard to a health professional other than their primary health professional, normally female parent, and so how male parent and surrogate mother-infant fond regard relationsh ip different from ordinary infant-mother relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Attachment To Caregivers Rather Than Mothers Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Importantly, sensitiveness has been considered as a cardinal forecaster for unafraid caregiver-infant fond regard. Despite the fact that the comparatively few researches analyzing the fond regard relationship with male parents, some surveies on father-child fond regard suggests that male parents can give sensitive attention, an of import factor for developing unafraid fond regard, for their kids every bit much as female parents can ; hence, the degree of fond regard between male parent and kid seems to be similar to that normally found with female parents ( Brown, McBride, Shin A ; Bost, 2007 ) . Furthermore, Brown et Al. ( 2007 ) found that when male parents employed in positive parenting behaviours, father involvement clip does non look to impact on father-child attachment security. That is, kids tended to organize rather unafraid attachment relationships despite the fact that whether their male parents were extremely involved. When male parents, on the other manus, employed less sensitive parenting, increased father engagement was related to an insecure father-child fond regard. Therefore, father-child fond regard is dependent upon quality of fathersaa‚Â ¬a„? parenting, and increased engagement is better for constructing fond regard merely when it accompanied by positive parenting. In add-on, another research found that male parents who valued the parental function were more likely to hold firmly attached babies, but this association was marled merely when quality of matrimony was high, conceivably because these male parents are more likely to have assisting manus from their spouse ( Wong, Mangelsdorf, Brown, Neff A ; Schoppe-Sullivan, 2009 ) . Yet interestingly, male parents who valuing the paternal caregiving function might advance unafraid fond regard of temperamentally hard babies, for such male parents might be more likely to back up them with day-to-day caregiving activities and be more adjusted to their infantsaa‚Â ¬a„? emo tional demands every bit good as their other demands. Consequently, temperamentally hard babies would be more likely to construct unafraid fond regard to male parents in this circumstance. Even though all adoptive kids go through a nerve-racking separation from their primary attached figures and are replaced with new attachment figures in the adoptive household, they are besides able to develop and go attached to their fostering households. Jeffer and Rosenboom ( 1997 ) examined 80 female parents and their baby from all over the universe, adopted between at age of 6 month and 8 month olds, in the Strange Situation when babies were 12 and 18 months to measure the infant-mother fond regard relationship. Harmonizing to their survey, they found more unafraid infant-mother fond regard than insecure attachment relationship as usually expected. The existent proportion of secure fond regard was about 74 % , 46 of 58 babies, at 12 months and 75 % at 18 months, so unafraid fond regards observed this research seemed to be stable over clip ( Juffer A ; Rosenboom, 1997 ) . Another survey of fond regard between furthering parents and baby besides demonstrated that mother-infant att achment quality in middle-class adoptive households is similar to the consequence found in households with merely biological kids ; nevertheless, interracial acceptance were more likely to hold insecure fond regard between female parent and baby ( Singer, 1985 ) . This might be explained by which households who adopt kids of a different race than themselves are less likely to have hearty support from extended household, friends, and neighbours than are households who adopt kids of the same race. Higher rates of insecure fond regard besides have found among babies who were placed to furthering households after disbursement at least 8 months in a Rumanian orphanhood. Babies who adopted at an earlier age, by contrast, do non look to hold an elevated rate of insecure fond regard to their adoptive parent ( Chisholm, 1998 ) . From these consequences, although adopted age of babies seems to be a critical factor whether they develop secure or insecure fond regard to furthering patents, adop ted babies appear to be capable of accommodating their new parents as a secure base, and in bend, adoptive parents appear to be sensitive plenty so that they can run into the demands of their adopted babe and go a beacon every bit good. Since babies can develop firmly attached relationship to other health professionals, the long term effects such as resilience to new environments and holding positive behaviours and expectances are assumed to be similar to which mother-infant relationship likely to hold. Even though the overall comparing of fond regard in adoptive and non-adoptive households was moderately similar, the result sometimes do non except the possible importance of insecure or disrupted post-infancy household relationships as a footing for the accommodation jobs of the adoptee. The survey noted that as school-age kids begin to understand the deductions of acceptance, including the world of being relinquished by biological parents, hence, they frequently feel baffled, unsure, and insecure sing their current adoptive household relationship ( Singer, 1985 ) . However, it seems that the higher happening of problems reported subsequently in life in adoptive households can non be explained merely by early fond r egard jobs because early secure fond regard counteracts to these jobs and buffers the negative emotion to some grade. In decision, babies can develop unafraid fond regard non merely to their female parents but besides other health professionals, including male parents and adoptive parents. It seems that babies can go affiliated to any health professionals, provided that those health professionals interact with them on a regular footing, supply physical and emotional attention, and are emotionally invested in the kid. Sensitivity plays an of import function in development of secure fond regard between health professional and baby ; on the other manus, the sum of clip parents and kids spend together is much less than what they do with that clip. The similar positive result of unafraid fond regard can be expected to the fond regard relationship among father- and adoptive parents-infant. Children are born prepared to organize relationships with those who care for them, and those early experiences influence the relationships that they develop within the household and in the greater universe outside of th e place. Consequently, relationships affect childrenaa‚Â ¬a„?s healthy development, and childrenaa‚Â ¬a„?s development, in bend, transforms their ulterior mulct relationship.